a study to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes

a study to assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes

What is the epidemiology of gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don’t already have diabetes. Every year, 2% to 10% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by gestational diabetes. Managing gestational diabetes will help make sure you have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.

Why is the prevalence of gestational diabetes increasing?

Table. The researchers noted that the trend toward gestational diabetes parallels increasing trends in risk factors such as obesity, inactivity, and poor diet. Thus, the differences in gestational diabetes rates among ethnic groups could be related to differences in risk factors, they theorized.

What is GDM in research?

Brief Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes (high blood sugar) that occurs in pregnant women. This study will determine whether treating pregnant women who have mild GDM improves the health of their babies.

What is the prevalence of gestational diabetes in the UK?

one in every 23 UK pregnancies. GDM identifies the mother as high-risk for development of type 2 diabetes. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published updated guidance in February 2015 recommending routine follow-up of women with GDM.

Who gestational diabetes criteria?

It was recommended that GDM be diagnosed if one or more of the following criteria are met: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.1–6.9 mmol/L, 1-h plasma glucose (PG) ≥ 10.0 mmol/L or 2-h PG 8.5–11.0 mmol/L [5, 6]; whilst those with FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L are diagnosed with diabetes in pregnancy [6].

Where is gestational diabetes most common?

But if you have GDM, you’re at increased risk of developing diabetes later in life. In the United States, 7 out of every 100 pregnant women (7 percent) develop gestational diabetes. You’re more likely than other women to have GDM if you’re African-American, Native American, Asian, Hispanic or Pacific Islander.

Is gestational diabetes preventable?

It is not always possible to prevent gestational diabetes. Certain risk factors make it more likely that a woman will develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy. However, maintaining a healthy weight before and after conception, eating well, and exercising regularly during pregnancy can all reduce the risk.

What is the full form of GDM?

1. Introduction. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Worldwide, one in 10 pregnancies is associated with diabetes, 90% of which are GDM.

What is the meaning of PIH?

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) complicates 6-10% of pregnancies. It is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg. It is classified as mild (SBP 140-149 and DBP 90-99 mmHg), moderate (SBP 150-159 and DBP 100-109 mmHg) and severe (SBP ≥ 160 and DBP ≥ 110 mmHg).

How are blood glucose levels measured?

The level of glucose in the blood can be measured by applying a drop of blood to a chemically treated, disposable ‘test-strip’, which is then inserted into an electronic blood glucose meter. The reaction between the test strip and the blood is detected by the meter and displayed in units of mg/dL or mmol/L.

What is the incidence and prevalence of diabetes?

34.2 million people of all ages—or 10.5% of the US population—had diabetes. 34.1 million adults aged 18 years or older—or 13.0% of all US adults—had diabetes (Table 1a; Table 1b).

What is the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in the UK?

About 8% of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes [Diabetes UK, 2019], and the prevalence is highest in people aged 35–60 years of age [NICE, 2015a]. About 90% of children and young people in the UK who have diabetes will have type 1 diabetes [Diabetes UK, 2019].

How the prevalence of diabetes is changing over time?

Most health experts agree that the UK is facing a huge increase in the number of people with diabetes. Since 1996 the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased from 1.4 million to 2.6 million. By 2025 it is estimated that over four million people will have diabetes.

How do you read OGTT in pregnancy?

At Mayo Clinic, if your blood glucose level is higher than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) after the one-hour test, your doctor will recommend the three-hour test. If your blood glucose level is higher than 190 mg/dL (10.6 mmol/L) after the one-hour test, you’ll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

When are you tested for gestational diabetes?

If you’re at average risk of gestational diabetes, you’ll likely have a screening test during your second trimester — between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

When should screening for gestational diabetes occur?

One-time screening should be performed at 24 weeks of gestation or after. Typically in the US, screening occurs prior to 28 weeks of gestation; however, it can occur later in persons who enter prenatal care after 28 weeks of gestation.

What is the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Australia?

The incidence rate for gestational diabetes increased with age, peaking at 31% for females aged 45–49 (Figure 2). Between 2000–01 and 2017–18, the rate of females diagnosed with gestational diabetes in Australia tripled, from 5.2% to 16.1% (Figure 1).

Is gestational diabetes common in Indians?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a primary concern in India affecting approximately five million women each year. Existing literature indicate that prediabetes and diabetes affect approximately six million births in India alone, of which 90% are due to GDM.

What are the chances of getting diabetes after gestational diabetes?

After the baby is born, 5 percent to 10 percent of mothers who had gestational diabetes will have type 2 diabetes — and those who escape it then have a 20 percent to 50 percent chance of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 10 years.

What is the risk to the fetus if glucose is not well controlled during gestation?

If diabetes is not well-controlled, chances of miscarriage or stillborn child are higher. An IDM has a higher risk of birth defects if the mother has pre-existing diabetes that is not well controlled from the very beginning.