a research on prevalence of diabetic nephropathy

a research on prevalence of diabetic nephropathy

Who is more likely to get DKD patients with T1DM or patients with T2DM?

Prevalence of DKD and DKD-associated risk among study participants. In total, 42.0% (total cohort), 23.4% (T1DM), 47.9% (T2DM) and 32.6% (other DM) had DKD. A greater proportion of participants with T2DM than T1DM had DKD (p<0.001).

How does diabetic nephropathy cause proteinuria?

Proposed mechanisms of diabetic proteinuria include structural changes to the basement membrane, hemodynamic injury to podocytes, decreased number of podocytes, damaged slit diaphragm components, and reduced expression of nephrin.

Why does diabetic nephropathy occur?

Diabetic nephropathy is a long-term kidney disease that can affect people with diabetes. It occurs when high blood glucose levels damage how a person’s kidneys function. Diabetic nephropathy is a kind of chronic kidney disease (CDK).

What percentage of persons with diabetic kidney disease would land up in ESRD?

After overt nephropathy development, the substantial number of patients will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with reported rates of 4% to 17% at 20 years and approximately 16% at 30 years from time of initial diagnosis of DM (1,2).

What is the difference between CKD and Dkd?

Microvascular changes within the kidney often lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), an entity referred to as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetic nephropathy6.

Is Dkd and CKD the same?

Patients who present with CKD and diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) can have true DKD (wherein CKD is a direct consequence of their diabetes status), nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD) coincident with diabetes mellitus, or a combination of both DKD and NDKD.

Which factors are key promoters of diabetic nephropathy?

Socioeconomic factors, age, gender, diet, obesity and the high incidence of hypertension play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Uncontrolled blood pressure is known to be deleterious, but other factors may become more important once BP is treated.

How is diabetic nephropathy diagnosed?

Screening for microalbuminuria with a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio identifies the early stages of nephropathy. Positive results on two of three tests (30 to 300 mg of albumin per g of creatinine) in a six-month period meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetic nephropathy.

Can CKD cause diabetes?

Summary: Scientists have discovered a novel link between chronic kidney disease and diabetes. When kidneys fail, urea that builds up in the blood can cause diabetes, concludes a new study.

How does diabetic nephropathy cause edema?

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Protein loss in the urine due to damage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalized body swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome.

What is diabetic nephropathy?

What is diabetic nephropathy? Nephropathy is the deterioration of kidney function. The final stage of nephropathy is called kidney failure, end-stage renal disease, or ESRD. According to the CDC, diabetes is the most common cause of ESRD.

How does diabetic nephropathy cause hypertension?

The major causes of hypertension in both DM1 and DM2 include volume expansion owing to increased renal sodium reabsorption and peripheral vasoconstriction owing to dysregulation of factors that regulate peripheral vascular resistance (Figure 1).

How can diabetic nephropathy be improved?

There is no cure for diabetic nephropathy, but treatments can delay or stop the progression of the disease. Treatments consist of keeping blood sugar levels under control and blood pressure levels within their target range through medications and lifestyle changes.

Is diabetic nephropathy preventable?

Although, at least in principle, diabetic nephropathy is a preventable condition, currently only a minority of type 2 diabetic patients in western Europe receives adequate medical treatment to prevent onset or progression of diabetic nephropathy.

What is the difference between nephropathy and CKD?

Q: What is the difference between “Chronic Kidney Disease” and “diabetic nephropathy”? A: Diabetic nephropathy refers generally to the damage to the kidneys caused by diabetes. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has a specific clinical definition (see below) and may be caused by diabetes or by other diseases.

Why there are high incidence of renal failure among diabetic patients?

How does diabetes cause kidney disease? High blood glucose, also called blood sugar, can damage the blood vessels in your kidneys. When the blood vessels are damaged, they don’t work as well. Many people with diabetes also develop high blood pressure, which can also damage your kidneys.

What is a nephropathy screening?

Two tests are performed to screen for kidney disease (or nephropathy). For the first test for signs of kidney disease, you will be asked to provide a sample of your urine. The sample will be tested to see whether there is protein in the urine (proteinuria).

How long does it take to develop diabetic nephropathy?

How long does it take for kidneys to become affected? Almost all patients with Type I diabetes develop some evidence of functional change in the kidneys within two to five years of the diagnosis. About 30 to 40 percent progress to more serious kidney disease, usually within about 10 to 30 years.

What is a normal creatinine level for a diabetes?

Creatinine. Serum creatinine is primarily a metabolite of creatine, almost all of which is located in skeletal muscle. The normal level of creatinine is 0.8 to 1.4 mg/dL. Females usually have a lower creatinine (0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL) than males, because they usually have less muscle mass[17].

Does insulin affect your kidneys?

Insulin is a hormone. It controls how much sugar is in your blood. A high level of sugar in your blood can cause problems in many parts of your body, including your heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain. Over time, this can lead to kidney disease and kidney failure.