a patient presenting with diabetes insipidus di exhibits

a patient presenting with diabetes insipidus di exhibits

When evaluating a patient with hyperglycemia The nurse would expect which 3 principal signs?

Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include the three Ps: polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. The common symptoms of hyperglycemia are: Increased urination/output (polyuria)

What causes polyuria polydipsia and Polyphagia in diabetes?

In people with diabetes, polydipsia is caused by increased blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels get high, your kidneys produce more urine in an effort to remove the extra glucose from your body. Meanwhile, because your body is losing fluids, your brain tells you to drink more in order to replace them.

What is the management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Some treatments can reduce the symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, at least somewhat: Diet. A low-salt, low-protein diet reduces urine output. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), and naproxen (Naprosyn) also can reduce urination.

What is diabetes insipidus Medscape?

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is defined as the passage of large volumes (>3 L/24 hr) of dilute urine (< 300 mOsm/kg). It has the following 2 major forms: Central (neurogenic, pituitary, or neurohypophyseal) DI, characterized by decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH; also referred to as arginine vasopressin [AVP])

Which of the following is a characteristic of a patient with hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) means there is too much sugar in the blood because the body lacks enough insulin. Associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia can cause vomiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid heartbeat, vision problems and other symptoms.

Which is the best indicator of overall diabetic control?

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C, hemoglobin A1C, HbA1c), which reflects average levels of blood glucose over the previous two to three months, is the most widely used test to monitor chronic glycemic control. It is used to diagnose diabetes and to monitor the efficacy of treatment.

What causes polyuria in diabetes insipidus?

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder in which polyuria due to decreased collecting tubule water reabsorption is induced by either decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH; central DI) or resistance to its kidney effects (nephrogenic DI).

Why do diabetic patients have polyuria?

Polyuria in diabetes occurs when you have excess levels of sugar in the blood. Normally, when your kidneys create urine, they reabsorb all of the sugar and direct it back to the bloodstream. With type 1 diabetes, excess glucose ends up in the urine, where it pulls more water and results in more urine.

What are the complications of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

NDI causes chronic excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive urine production (polyuria), and potentially severe dehydration. If left untreated, repeated episodes of severe dehydration may develop, eventually resulting in serious complications. Most cases of hereditary NDI are inherited as X-linked recessive disorders.

How is nephrogenic diabetes diagnosed?

Diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is based on tests of blood and urine. Drinking increased amounts of water helps prevent dehydration. To treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, people restrict salt in their diet and sometimes take drugs to reduce the amount of urine excreted.

How do thiazide diuretics treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Thiazides have been used in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) to decrease urine volume, but the mechanism by which it produces the paradoxic antidiuretic effect remains unclear.

Which IV fluids would you recommend for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

Most patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) can drink enough fluid to replace their urine losses. When oral intake is inadequate and hypernatremia is present, replace losses with dextrose and water or an intravenous (IV) fluid that is hypo-osmolar with respect to the patient’s serum.

What should I monitor for diabetes insipidus?

During the test, the amount of urine you produce will be measured. You may also need a blood test to assess the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in your blood. Your blood and urine may also be tested for substances such as glucose (blood sugar), calcium and potassium.

What endocrine gland is involved in diabetes insipidus?

Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). AVP is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland until needed. The hypothalamus is an area of the brain that controls mood and appetite.

How do you treat hyperglycemia Medscape?

The therapeutic goals for treatment of hyperglycemic crises in diabetes consist of 1) improving circulatory volume and tissue perfusion, 2) decreasing serum glucose and plasma osmolality toward normal levels, 3) clearing the serum and urine of ketones at a steady rate, 4) correcting electrolyte imbalances, and 5) …

How do you manage a hypoglycemic patient?

If you have symptoms of hypoglycemia, do the following: Eat or drink 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates. These are sugary foods without protein or fat that are easily converted to sugar in the body. Try glucose tablets or gel, fruit juice, regular — not diet — soft drinks, honey, and sugary candy.

Which clinical manifestations would be assessed in a patient who is in diabetic ketoacidosis DKA )? Select all that apply?

You have ketones in your urine and can’t reach your doctor for advice. You have many signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis — excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, weakness or fatigue, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, and confusion.

Which of the following findings are commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

The most common early symptoms of DKA are the insidious increase in polydipsia and polyuria. The following are other signs and symptoms of DKA: Malaise, generalized weakness, and fatigability. Nausea and vomiting; may be associated with diffuse abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and anorexia.

Which of the following findings are commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis DKA?

A person with diabetes developing diabetic ketoacidosis may have one or more of these symptoms excessive thirst or drinking lots of fluid, frequent urination, general weakness, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, a generally ill appearance, and dry skin or mouth, increased heart …

What is the useful technique for assessing the long-term control of diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated haemoglobin is useful as a measure of the degree of long-term glycaemic control in dia- betes.