a 60-year-old female smoker with history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia

a 60-year-old female smoker with history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia

Is diabetes a risk factor for hyperlipidemia?

Dyslipidemia is a common comorbidity in diabetes [3]. In Asian and European epidemiological studies, hyperlipidemia is commonly associated with diabetes [3,4].

What effect does smoking have on diabetes?

Smokers are 30 to 40 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than nonsmokers. Smoking can also make managing the disease and regulating insulin levels more difficult because high levels of nicotine can lessen the effectiveness of insulin, causing smokers to need more insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Why do diabetic patients usually develop hyperlipidemia?

Several factors are likely to be responsible for diabetic dyslipidemia: insulin effects on liver apoprotein production, regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LpL), actions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and peripheral actions of insulin on adipose and muscle.

What is diabetic hyperlipidemia?

Diabetic hyperlipidemia is, in fact, having high cholesterol when you have diabetes. The parts of the word hyperlipidemia break into: hyper: high. lipid: scientific term referring to fat, cholesterol, and fat-like substances in the body.

What is the risk of hyperlipidemia?

Hyperlipidemia, or high cholesterol, can let plaque collect inside your blood vessels and put you at risk of a heart attack or stroke. The good news is that you have the power to reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke.

How does insulin help diabetes?

Sometimes, people with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes need insulin therapy if other treatments haven’t been able to keep blood glucose levels within the desired range. Insulin therapy helps prevent diabetes complications by keeping your blood sugar within your target range.

Is it safe to smoke with diabetes?

If you already have diabetes, smoking can make it harder to control your blood sugar. It can also worsen other health problems. One of the best things you can do for your health is to give up smoking.

What is the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia?

Pathophysiology. Hyperlipidemia, in particular elevated LDL (hypercholesterolemia), is one of the most prevalent risk factors contributing to the evolution of atherosclerosis and consequent vascular disease. It is simply defined as elevated concentrations of lipids or fats within the blood.

How does insulin resistance cause hyperlipidemia?

Insulin resistance can also alter systemic lipid metabolism which then leads to the development of dyslipidemia and the well-known lipid triad: (1) high levels of plasma triglycerides, (2) low levels of high-density lipoprotein, and (3) the appearance of small dense low-density lipoproteins.

How does dyslipidemia cause insulin resistance?

Insulin resistance is associated with reduced inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue by insulin, leading to increased lipolysis, and thereby augmented portal flux of FFA to the liver. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central organellar where apoB is degraded in the hepatocytes25).

What’s mixed hyperlipidemia?

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (or mixed hyperlipidemia) is a genetic disorder that passes from one family member to another through their genes. If you have this disease, it means you have higher-than-usual levels of: cholesterol. triglycerides. other lipids in your blood.

What is the difference between hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia?

Hyperlipidemia refers to high levels of LDL or triglycerides. Dyslipidemia can refer to levels that are either higher or lower than the normal range for those blood fats.

What is hyperlipidemia Slideshare?

ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGY Hyperlipidaemia simply is a disorder in which there are abnormally elevated levels of fat particles in the blood known as lipids. This lipids can adhere to the walls of the arteries and restrict blood flow which in turn leads to significant risk of heart attack and stroke.

Who is at risk for hyperlipidemia?

These include men with diabetes, a family history of heart disease in a close male relative younger than age 50 or a close female relative younger than age 60, a family history of high cholesterol, or a personal history of multiple coronary disease risk factors (e.g., smoking, high blood pressure).

What is the best treatment for hyperlipidemia?

The basis of treating hyperlipidemia remains diet, physical exercise and weight reduction. Olive oil and nuts have been shown to be beneficial. Statins remain first line drug treatment. Further treatment options are ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates and fish oil.

When is hyperlipidemia diagnosed?

Hyperlipidemia has no symptoms, so the only way to detect it is to have your doctor request a blood test called a lipid panel or a lipid profile. Your doctor will use your lipid panel to make a hyperlipidemia diagnosis. This test determines your cholesterol levels.

What causes insulin resistance?

Obesity (being significantly overweight and belly fat), an inactive lifestyle, and a diet high in carbohydrates are the primary causes of insulin resistance.

Is insulin the best treatment for diabetes?

A new study published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine suggests that for older patients with type 2 diabetes, medications to lower blood sugar levels may “do more harm than good.”

What are three functions of insulin?

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway.

How much does smoking raise blood sugar?

The levels of nicotine he used in the lab would correspond roughly to the exposure a smoker would get by smoking one or two packs a day, he says. He found that the nicotine raised the HbA1c level by nearly 9% to up to 34.5%, depending on nicotine exposure.